Jika verb menjadi complement (objek) dalam sebuah kalimat, maka verbs tersebut bisa berbentuk verb+ing atau to+verb. Penentuan bentuk tersebut (apakah verb+ing atau to+verb) tergantung oleh verb yang menjadi predicate dalam kalimat itu.
- Verb + Gerunds
Gerund adalah kata kerja yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda sehingga dapat berfungsi sebagai subjek, objek dan pelengkap (complement) dalam kalimat, juga di belakang sebuah preposisi. Bentuk gerund biasanya disebut verb+ing. Mungkin istilah itulah yang biasa kita kenal selama ini mengenai gerund. Singkatnya, Gerund adalah kata benda yang dibentuk dari kata kerja (verb) + ing. Gerund sebagai pelengkap tidak dapat dijadikan subject dalam kalimat pasif (passive voice). Gerund terletak setelah to be: is/am/are, was/were, been/being/be. Contoh :- My hobby is fishing
- Her hobby is reading novel
- My favorite sport is playing football
- What she wants to do now is crying over her mother to release her burden
- He considered traveling to Europe for the summer, but he doesn’t have enough funds
- Verb + to infinitive
Infinitives adalah bentuk dasar dari verbs. Dalam bahasa inggris, penulisan infinitives biasanya diawali dengan “to”. Misalnya: to read, to walk, to give, dan seterusnya. Meskipun pada umumnya infinitive diawali dengan “to”, akan tetapi ada beberapa infinitive tanpa “to”, biasanya disebut dengan “bare infinitive”. Contoh:
- I want to study English.
- I hope to see you again.
- Residents are not allowed to bring pets in my apartment.
b. subject + verb + object (nouns/ pronouns) + to infinitive
- My boss expects me to finish the work as soon as possible.
- The teacher reminded the students to do their homework.
- The doctor advised him to stop smoking.
- Verb + Preposition + Gerund
Ada dua kemungkinan jika Gerund digunakan sebagai Object, yakni Object of Preposition (Object Kata Depan) dan Object of Verb (Object Kata Kerja). Beberapa preposisi (preposition) lazim yang sering diikuti oleh Gerund adalah: about, in, for, of, without, from, by, dan to. Untuk preposisi “to”, boleh diikuti Gerund jika fungsinya memang sebagai presposisi, bukan bentuk dari infinitive. Contoh :
- I’m used to sleeping with the window open.
- I’m accustomed to sleeping with the window open.
- I look forward to going home next month.
Untuk menghilangkan pengulangan kata pada suatu kalimat kita bisa menggunakan kata “so”atau “too”. Ada perbedaan pada susunan kalimatnya ketika menggunaan kata “so” dan “too”. Silahkan perhatikan rumus berikut:
Ketika hanya ada “to be” pada klausa utama (main clause), maka tenses yang sama dari “to be” digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause).
Contohnya:
1. I am hungry = I am hungry, and you are too.
2. You are hungry = I am hungry, and so are you.
Affirmative statement (to be) + and + Subject + to be + too
So + to be + subject
Contoh kalimat lainnya:
1. Their plane is arriving at 7 o’clock, and so is mine.
2. I am sick, and He is too.
3. Our class is clean, and so are theirs.
4. Bella is beautiful, and her sister is too.
5. My hand writing is bad, and so are you.
Ketika hanya ada kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb), contohnya: will, should, has, have, must, etc pada klausa utama (main clause), kata kerja bantu nya (auxiliary verb) juga digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause).
Contohnya:
1. He has seen her plays = He has seen her plays, and the girls have too.
2. The girls have seen her plays = He has seen her plays, and so have the girls.
Affirmative statement + and + Subject + auxiliary verb only + too
(auxiliary verb) So + auxiliary verb only + subject
Contoh kalimat lainnya:
1.They will go at noon, and she will too.
2. He has an early appointment, and so have I.
3. They have written their lyrics, and so have we.
4. Richard has lived in Cuba for five years, and they have too.
5. I should finish the report, and she should too.
Ketika hanya ada kata kerja (verb) tanpa auxiliary verb pada klausa utama (main clause), kata kerja bantu do, does, atau did digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause) dan tenses nya harus sama.
Contohnya:
1. We go to school = We go to school, and my brother does too.
2. My brother goes to school = We go to school, and so does my brother.
Affirmative statement + and + Subject + (do, does, did) + too
(single verb except ”to be”) So + (do, does, did) + subject
Contoh kalimat lainnya:
1. We want to buy a fountain, and she does too.
2. My mother likes traveling, and so do their mother.
3. My brother invites him to the party, and my sister does too.
4. They wrote a good poem, and so did he.
5. Fred cooked fried rice for his breakfast, and Tina did too.
NEGATIVE AGREEMENT
“Either” dan “neither” memiliki fungsi yang sama seperti kata “too” dan “so” pada klausa kedua (second clause) dalam kalimat positif (affirmative sentence/ agreement). Kata “Either”dan “neither” ini digunakan untuk mengindikasikan kalimat negative (negative sentence/ agreement). Aturan yang sama juga berlaku untuk penggunaan “to be”, “auxiliary verb” (kata kerja bantu), dan “verb” (kata kerja).
Contohnya:
1. I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and Ali didn’t either.
2. I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and neither did Ali.
Negative statement + and + Subject + negative auxiliary or “to be” + either
Neither + positive auxiliary or “to be” + subject
Contoh kalimat lainnya:
1. The manager isn’t too happy with the project, and neither is his assistant.
2. We can’t study in the library, and he can’t either.
3. You didn’t pay the taxes, and they didn’t either.
4. My brother won’t accept my father’s decision, and my sister won’t either.
5. He doesn’t know the answer, and neither does she.
Sumber :
http://bahasainggrisonandNegativeAgreement013/04/elliptical-constructions.html
http://elsadenovia.blogspot.com/2014/05/affirmative-agreement-and-negative.html
